python - Using Backward Propagation in fmin_cg -


i trying build ann in python, , i've been able far to forward pass, problem when try backward propagation. in function nncostfunction, gradient grad define as:

grad = tr(c_[theta1_grad.swapaxes(1,0).reshape(1,-1), theta2_grad.swapaxes(1,0).reshape(1,-1)])

but problem because using scipy.optimize.fmin_cg calculate nn_params , cost, , fmin_cg accepts single value (the j value forward pass) , cannot accept grad... 

nn_params, cost = op.fmin_cg(lambda t: nncostfunction(t, input_layer_size, hidden_layer_size, num_labels, x, y, lam), initial_nn_params, gtol = 0.001, maxiter = 40, full_output=1)[0, 1]

is there way fix can include backward propagation in network? know there scipy.optimize.minimize function, having difficulty understand how use , results need. know needs done?

your appreciated, thanks.

def nncostfunction(nn_params, input_layer_size, hidden_layer_size, num_labels, x, y, lam):     '''      given nn parameters, layer sizes, number of labels, data, , learning rate, returns cost of traversing nn.     '''      theta1 = (reshape(nn_params[:(hidden_layer_size*(input_layer_size+1))],(hidden_layer_size,(input_layer_size+1))))      theta2 = (reshape(nn_params[((hidden_layer_size*(input_layer_size+1))):],(num_labels, (hidden_layer_size+1))))      m = x.shape[0]     n = x.shape[1]      #forward pass     y_eye = eye(num_labels)     y_new = np.zeros((y.shape[0],num_labels))      z in range(y.shape[0]):         y_new[z,:] = y_eye[int(y[z])-1]      y = y_new      a_1 = c_[ones((m,1)),x]     z_2 = tr(theta1.dot(tr(a_1)))      a_2 = tr(sigmoid(theta1.dot(tr(a_1))))     a_2 = c_[ones((a_2.shape[0],1)), a_2]      a_3 = tr(sigmoid(theta2.dot(tr(a_2))))      j_reg = lam/(2.*m) * (sum(sum(theta1[:,1:]**2)) + sum(sum(theta2[:,1:]**2)))      j = (1./m) * sum(sum(-y*log(a_3) - (1-y)*log(1-a_3))) + j_reg      #backprop      d_3 = a_3 - y      d_2 = d_3.dot(theta2[:,1:])*sigmoidgradient(z_2)      theta1_grad = 1./m * tr(d_2).dot(a_1)     theta2_grad = 1./m * tr(d_3).dot(a_2)      #add regularization      theta1_grad[:,1:] = theta1_grad[:,1:] + lam*1.0/m*theta1[:,1:]     theta2_grad[:,1:] = theta2_grad[:,1:] + lam*1.0/m*theta2[:,1:]      #unroll gradients     grad = tr(c_[theta1_grad.swapaxes(1,0).reshape(1,-1), theta2_grad.swapaxes(1,0).reshape(1,-1)])      return j, grad   def nn_train(x,y,lam = 1.0, hidden_layer_size = 10):     '''      train neural network given features , class arrays, learning rate, , size of hidden layer.     return parameters theta1, theta2.     '''      # nn input , output layer sizes     input_layer_size = x.shape[1]     num_labels = unique(y).shape[0] #output layer      # initialize nn parameters     initial_theta1 = randinitializeweights(input_layer_size, hidden_layer_size)     initial_theta2 = randinitializeweights(hidden_layer_size, num_labels)       # unroll parameters     initial_nn_params = np.append(initial_theta1.flatten(1), initial_theta2.flatten(1))     initial_nn_params = reshape(initial_nn_params,(len(initial_nn_params),)) #flatten 1-d array       # find , print initial cost:     j_init = nncostfunction(initial_nn_params,input_layer_size,hidden_layer_size,num_labels,x,y,lam)[0]     grad_init = nncostfunction(initial_nn_params,input_layer_size,hidden_layer_size,num_labels,x,y,lam)[1]     print 'initial j cost: ' + str(j_init)     print 'initial grad cost: ' + str(grad_init)      # implement backprop , train network, run fmin     print 'training neural network...'     print 'fmin results:'      nn_params, cost = op.fmin_cg(lambda t: nncostfunction(t, input_layer_size, hidden_layer_size, num_labels, x, y, lam), initial_nn_params, gtol = 0.001, maxiter = 40, full_output=1)[0, 1]        theta1 = (reshape(nn_params[:(hidden_layer_size*(input_layer_size+1))],(hidden_layer_size,(input_layer_size+1))))      theta2 = (reshape(nn_params[((hidden_layer_size*(input_layer_size+1))):],(num_labels, (hidden_layer_size+1))))      return theta1, theta2


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

angular - Ionic slides - dynamically add slides before and after -

hi i'm using ngfor create set of 3 slides while starting in middle i'm guaranteed able slide left or right on start. when slide right can simple listen reachedend , push slide array i'm looping. but have problem adding slide beginning. if same above , use e.g. array.unshift() or spread add item beginning, view think it's on position 0 , snaps view new slide. the code below work animates slide change index 1. slide = [0,1,2] //example loop slidechanged(event) { if(this.slides.isbeginning()){ this.slide = [this.slide[0]-1, ...this.slide]; this.slides.update(); this.slides.slideto(1) } } <ion-slides [initialslide]="1" (ionslidedidchange)="slidechanged($event)"> <ion-slide *ngfor="let item of slide"> <h1>slide {{item}}</h1> </ion-slide> </ion-slides> any appreciated! you can using ionslidenextend , ionslideprevend events slides . please
Read more

minify - Minimizing css files -

i want know how css files can minimized. currently, using external sites css minifier compress css files. however, after removing whitespaces, comments, etc, file sizes reduced 10-15%. how frameworks bootstrap manage make minimized versions kilobytes. as example, css is: body { background-color: #ff0; } the reduction goes 28 bytes 22 bytes other css files have lot more characters still smaller this. actually minifying code means it's remove thing code white space characters new line characters comments block delimiters it reduces amount of code has transferred on web , speed site load fastly.but unreadable format.
Read more

Add a dynamic header in angular 2 http provider -

i have http interceptor built via tutorial https://scotch.io/@kashyapmukkamala/using-http-interceptor-with-angular2 the problem need have dynamic header changes automatically once changes 'mode' in app. service able tell interceptor change header, or have interceptor pull header (which string)from service each request. able throwing away patch method, call http.patch('new header string') set header string. call in service controls 'mode' setting. wondering if there way interceptor pull recent value service each request or if can add method http provider via interceptor? i've tried call service in interceptor each request returns undefined. because creating new instance of service or copying value before service fired , loaded/changed data. i don't want pass header string every http provider call because defeats purpose of having interceptor, id able set once changes or have provider fetch service before makes request. tl;dr : need add autom
Read more